Soaps and Detergents

1. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain of carboxylic acids (Fatty acids).
2. Detergents are sodium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonic acid or alkyl hydrogen sulphate.
3. Saponification is hydrolysis of an ester by hot aqueous alkali solution to form an alcohol and sodium (or potassium) salts of Carboxylic acids.
4. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of soap anion work together to remove greasy stains
5. Additives are added to detergents to make the more effective as a cleasing agent

Food Additives

1. Food additives are substance added in small amount to food to
1. Preserve food
2. Add flavour to the food
3. Improve the taste of food
4. Improve the appearance of food
2. Type of food additives includes preservatives, antioxidants, flavouring agent, dyes, thickening agent and stabilizers.

Medicine

1. Traditional medicine are medicines obtained from plants and animals
2. Modern medicines are chemical obtained from concentrated extract of plants and animal or synthesized chemically
3. Modern medicines can be classified into analgesics, antibiotic and psychotherapeutic medicines.

EXERCISE

                                                              i.      What is traditional medicine

                                                             ii.      Give three example of traditional medicine and their function

                                                              i.      Give three type of additives in detergents for each type, give on example

                                                             ii.      Explain the uses two of the additives in mentioned b(i)

2.  
1. Compare the effectiveness of soap and detergent as cleansing agents
2. Describe the cleansing action of soap on oily stains
3. Describe an experiment to prepare a sample of soap from palm oil.